Data Handling Checklist Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Data Handling Checklist - Research theme Example1.2Use data collection sheets to record data from a practical exercise (e.g. measuring rod temperature convert all over time) (p264 Chapter 28). Solution There are a number of methods available to record the barren data.Let here we use tally chart to record the data related to measure the temperature change over time. The data recorded in table 1.2(a) is the raw data about the variation of temperature over time for a hot summer week. 1.3Identify strengths and weaknesses of different methods of data collection, e.g. tally chart - relative frequence table (p274 Chapter 28 submit Question 1).Answer.Strengths of Tally chart.A tally chart is a power grid used to help clearly show nurture as it is collected.A good tally chart, -shows the information clearly. -have clear columns and headings.-uses lines to show numbers and a total number to show the frequency.Weakness of Tally chart -Tally chart is not a good option to use for a lar ge complex data collection. -Since Tally chart uses lines to show numbers, therefore for large data the Tally (lines) patterns are not merely have an odd outlook but also cover a lot of space.Frequency sidestepWhen summarizing large masses of raw data it if often useful to distribute the data in classes or categories and to determine the number of individuals belonging to each class called the class frequency. A tabular arrangement of data by classes together with the corresponding class frequency is called a frequency distribution or frequency table.The data organized in frequency table is termed as grouped data. Strengths of Frequency TableA frequency table can split data into classes or categories.By frequency table the positive number of scores as well as the % age of scores in each interval can be displayed. A frequency table can be used to summaries categorical, nominal, and ordinal data. It may also be used to summar

Criminal Evidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Criminal Evidence - Essay ExampleThe leading face in this area was R v Leatham 1where Crompton J famously remarked it matters not how you get it, if you steal it even, it would be admissible in evidence.2 on that point were common law rules which allowed the judges to reserve the discretion to exclude evidence3 at a criminal trial, if this would jeopardize the position of the suspect.4.The standard of reasonableness to be exercised in this regard was that of the Wednesbury criteria.5 .Thus the position under common law was that illegally obtained evidence was admissible, given that it was credible, relevant and did not cause adverse inferences to be drawn against the accused.6The footmark 1984 came into effect in January 1986 and brought changes to the common law position. The main section 78 7of PACE 1984 codified and fused the previous common law position.8 However the later body of case law that developed tended to cast out the common law approach and develop an entirely ne w approach to the section, yet the court of law has not yet given an exhaustive set of guidelines for the section due to the different facts of each case.9Most of the early case law in this regard involved the exclusion of unfairly procured confessions although the position before the PACE 1984 had been in truth much the same.10The position in the cases of r... misconduct by the police authorities in the cases of real evidence.11However the court showed some caution in cases involving Alcohol and DNA tests as there was a likelihood of the getup of such evidence.12In the very controversial case of R v Nathaniel13 the court excluded the evidence of a caudex try on of rapist taken four historic period ago which was promised by the police to be ruined given that he was not convicted. They tried to use the sample again to convict him four years later but the court excluded this evidence and Lord Taylor CJ made it clear for the court,To allow that blood sample to be used in evidence at a trial four years by and by the alleged offences when the sample had been retained in breach of statutory duty and in breach of the undertakings to the defendant must(prenominal), in our view, have had an adverse effect on the fairness of the trial. It should not in our view have been admitted. This case has been followed wherever evidence has been retained in breach of s 64 (3B) of PACE in later cases of rape, murder and theft. For example in the case of Regina v Weir14 the accused was being charged of wild murder on the basis of very convincing DNA samples which were obtained in breach of s64 (3B) of PACE and thereby the conviction of the defendant was quashed.. Recently however, in the Attorney Generals Reference No. 3 of 199915 the House of Lords express dissatisfaction with this judgement and regretted not having convicted the accused despite the heavy amount of evidence involved.The Court said that It must be borne in mind that respect for the privacy of defendants is n ot the only value at stake. The conception of the criminal law is to permit everyone to go about their daily lives without fear of harm to person or property. And it is in the

Mentoring, Americans with Disabilities Act, Flex-time, Workplace Assignment

Mentoring, Americans with Disabilities Act, Flex-time, Workplace Security, and cognitive process appraisal - Assignment ExampleThe four phases are (Boreen et.al, 2000)A mentoring descent is based on legion(predicate) factors that relate to the success of the process as preferred by both the mentor and mentee. The basic relationship requirements include (Boreen et.al, 2000)The process of mentoring provides significant influence in race development. In women and minority groups mentoring is regarded as a mandatory requirement. Women and minority are viewed as a weaker part of the human race. For this reason, they are exposed to curb career opportunities and resources. Through mentoring this gap is lessened as they are provided an opportunity to learn basic career requirements from experts. This also improves their succeeding probability.The ADA was created to respond to the plight of the disabled or otherwise challenged persons. The Act was write in 2009 by President Bush. Main c omponents in the Act focused on making spurt places comfortable for the disabled or other wise challenged persons. Additionally, public places and entities were also required to be observant of the Act (Schall, 1998). In the act the beneficiaries are described as community with physical disabilities. The act excluded the inclusion body of people affected by drug or substance abuse and visually impaired people whose sight can be corrected by the use of an optical lens.The ADA has positively wedged the moldings environment as companies have become more sensitive in making working places comfortable to the disabled persons. To ensure compliance of the ADA, an employer should put in place systems and mechanisms that address the issues raised by the ADA. For instance, an organization should advice other employees against discriminating against disabled persons (Schall, 1998).Traditional work schedules were heavily demanding on employees as they had to work during many hours and the output displayed could not match the time taken to complete tasks. Working on intact time or eight hour day daily on the

Job offer content and job interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Job tour discipline and prank interview - Essay ExampleTo increase the success rate of recruitment and selection, properly scripted job offer content, job interview, and employment contract will be tackled in details.Job offer content indentify what is anticipate from a job applicant for a particular post. To increase the understanding among the job applicants and HR manager concerning the available job, job offer content should be written compendious and straight to the point. Preferably in point form, job content should include the date when the applicant is expected to report back to the company, duration of the employment contract, the job description and responsibilities, work options like part- period job, flexy cartridge clip at work, job sharing, paid or unpaid leave, payment packages, and rewards.Attracting prospective applicants remains a argufy to most HR managers. Therefore, HR managers should make use of effective HR strategies like work flexibility, compensatio n packages, and rewards at all times. Work flexibility includes offering new employees the option for a part-time job, flexy time at work, job sharing, and unpaid leave (Hough & Oswald 2000, p. 632 Secord 2003, p. 173). To increase the chances of attracting competitive applicants, the HR manager may hire the concept of work flexibility in the job offer content.Job interview is the stage wherein the HR manager can psycheally assess the qualification and personality of a job applicant. During the official job interview, HR managers are expected to inform the applicants about a particular job responsibility past from identifying each individuals working abilities, acquired skills, educational background, and previous work experiences necessary to allow the person to perform a given job position (Stone 2005, p. 10). Likewise, HR managers should be able to conclude whether or not the job applicant is capable in performing the work expectations for each post. Through express emotion o bservation, it is also during the job interview when the HR manager could

DNR Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

DNR - Research Paper ExampleIf the affected role is non in a hospital, the DNR orders normally state that the medical practitioners in charge of the patient should non take him or her to a hospital for emergency resuscitation. In many cases when the patient is too eliminate to request for a DNR order, the closest family members or friends can order for one on his behalf (Piers, Benoit and Schrauwen, 2011).Even though all adult patients have the right to request for a DNR Order, its usage is quite a moot issue in the medical field. The medical profession is one that strives to uphold the ethical principles of human dignity, compassion, non-malfeasance and affable justice. Every individual has a right to accept or refuse emergency resuscitation. However, it is also the vocation of the medical practitioner to save the lives of the patients he is attending to (Moss, 2003). This is where the ethical and intelligent implications of DNR come in. Whereas it is within the doctors rig ht to save the lives of his patients, he must also respect their wishes if they do not want to be saved. DNR raises the legal and ethical concern that giving consent to the order may lead to a loss of life story that may otherwise have been saved (Crozier, Santoli and Outin, 2011).The DNR order should be honored if the patient who fully understands his medical situation consents to it. There are provisions in law that give the patient the right to chose the image of treatment that he deems best. It is the duty of the care giver to consider the needs and wants of his patients. Therefore if the patient consents to or gives DNR orders and signs the DNR form, the care givers should employ other treatment options to try and save his life. Sometime the options available are not efficient enough and the result is normally catastrophic (Ani, 2005). The ethical question still remains on whether the care givers should not do everything possible to save

12 Angry Men (Movie) Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

12 Angry Men ( ) - Movie Review ExampleHowever, when they begin analyzing the deterrent example they consistently acquit the accused of the charges.While the change of decision is not unanimous, each juror changes his legal opinion after recogniseing the context of the crime. When the jurors decide to take a second vote without juror 8, virtuoso would anticipate some other not guilty vote from the batch. Such is the dictate of the symbolic convergence theory. It argues that another juror would begin considering the facts keenly owing to the motivation he receives from juror 8 and find transmutation in the theatrical role. With juror 8 and 9 doubting the facts of the character, they begin explaining their decisions and are likely to influence the others since they sharpen pertinent reasons for their votes. Furthermore, as the symbolic convergence theory explains the other judges would begin understanding the facts of the case by considering the explanation from the two jurors. The two are likely to influence the rest since they are of the resembling caliber.A juror lived in the slum and understands knife fights another has reading glasses and explains his behaviors. This way, the other jurors consistently understand the facts of the crime thereby acquitting the accused. They understand the facts because of the influence from their colleagues. The theory rightly explains that humans tend to understand an event based on the people involved in the event, their motivations, emotions and meanings. The jurors shared the above facts thus systematically influencing each other.In 1965, Bruce Tuckman explained that a group develops systematically by observing theForming-Storming Storming Norming Performingmodel. The same is the case with the group of twelve jurors. In the forming stage, just as the name suggests the group goes throu8gh the process of creation. Every segment strives to impress the other with

Explain what the role of education would be in your ideal society Essay

Explain what the affair of education would be in your ideal society - Essay ExampleIt also helps develop cogitate powers, judgement and prepares one intellectually for mature life (Ornstein, 2013). The definitions demonstrate that there is learning involved, that education is a routine centered towards making an individuals life better. knowledge takes different leaps, in full-dress education, formal education and the now widely spreading e-learning. Irrespective of the form, the outcomes are more or less the aforementioned(prenominal) (Collier, 1998). The importance and value of education in many countries and governments is being emphasized, and as a result, some(a) of the countries countenance their constitutions providing for Right for education (Bruner, 1996). fostering dictates a large part of what we do, how we think, the decisions we make and how we adjoin with others. Most countries take for the same four levels of education, kindergarten /nursery level, primary ed ucation, secondary education and higher/tertiary education for the juvenile and teenage years (Cossin, 1997). Social purposes of education Research shows that education has a great role in shaping the person that one is, and the person that one will become (Goodland and MacMannon, 1997). It has many and important kind purposes as seen herein. It helps in developing, enhancing and completing the affectionateization process. Parents and guardians now rely and expect the tame to complete this process for their children. Young children spend most of their time with their t severallyers, and at the learning institution, the socialization process is enhanced. The child learns to relate with fellow people, learns basic respect actions like salutations, excusing themselves among others. Children learn how to live and relate with others in school (Nikollakoki 1997). Education helps get rid of negative attitudes and behaviors acquired during the early age. A child who comes from a family where parents raise their voices on each other, or where the father abuses the mother, or where honesty has not been instilled is most likely to have learned some of these behaviors. Education however, is a correction tool, it will help correct this wayward child and teach them the darling values instead (Cossin, 1997). Education develops the personality of a person. Children with low self esteem are taught to opine in themselves and made aware that they have power to be who they want (Barnett, 1991). In addition, education has a social purpose of training in skills (Lewis, 2011). Schools that offer practical classes like cooking classes, carpentry, art and acting helps in growing the talents of students. These skills, when perfectly developed are important in building careers. Another social function of education is to pass on culture (Collier, 1998). Culture refers to peoples beliefs, way of life, practices, values and tradition. In whichever form of education adopted, the cult ure of a particular people is taught. This is done through music, art, literature, drama and oral recitations. Education strengthens and acts as a unifying factor. People are taught how to live with people who have different cultures and beliefs. This way, it promotes halcyon coexistence, which is one of the core values of any society (Acar, 2011). Education has a role of conferring status in different people. Usually, a person with higher education studies is treated different from a primary school person. The higher degree of learning commands more respect. Related to this is the aspect of job placement. The

The Interactional View of Paul Watzlawick Essay

The mutual View of Paul Watzlawick - Essay ExampleThe children and the mother as well expressed their embarrassment of the comes condition (content) and communicated this through the way they avoided being associated with him in public. As punctuation dictates, converse depends on whether the person is in a reactive or provocative position (one who starts the conversation) (Gfu and Teodorescu 50).In this context, the father was mostly in the reactive end. He reacted to his familys behavior by ceasing to associate with them in public. The communication is not symmetrical.It was one-up communication (Gfu and Teodorescu 49. The other members of his family assumed a higher role in the exchanges as depicted in the slickness of the mother shutting down his opinion regarding the education of their youngest son. Reframing in the family comes about when the family decides to visit the counselor. The members of the family decide to bother rid of the destructive rules that had guided their previous relationship. This meant understanding that the father deserves respect, love and equal chance in the relationship.The film features a family wracked by alcoholism. Alice Green portrays the character of a school counselor who harbors a dangerous drinking problem and is married to Michael, who is an airline, pilot. Though she is a loving and light-hearted woman, she is often drunk and reckless causation her to ignore her children. The whole movie can be used to illustrate the interactional theory as different scenes illustrate different elements.

My Philosophy of Education Leadership Personal Statement - 1

My Philosophy of Education drawship - Personal Statement ExampleProper government activity and attractionship of schools becomes important in this perspective. To be specific, according to the 21st century view point, there are certain values which a school administrator should follow in assign to ensure that the gentility is being imparted properly and also to make sure that the association lines are kept up to date.The leader of a school must film a clear picture about the educational body and he must be able to provide the environment for effective impartment of knowledge to the students. The proverb says, Leader knows the way and leader shows the way. In other words, the administrator must be able to properly manoeuvre the teachers so as to ensure the proper learning of the pupils, and, at the same time, he must be a source of positive vibrations for the students. He must be able to encourage them to learn their topics healthful and to teach them to pursue their own go od careers. He must be dedicated to inculcate a good character in every pupil while making one a knowledge-rich person.thither is an opinion that the practice of educational leadership is a form of philosophy in action, that is an area of philosophic practice (Codd, 1989, p.157). The administrator should have a clear picture about what is being taught and how things must be taught. Proper knowledge in these areas is immanent to impart education in a proper way. You good deal guide someone only if you know the right way. Therefore, thorough knowledge about the curriculum becomes an essential requirement as far as a school administrator is concerned. He should also have subtle knowledge about modern teaching methodologies which inevitably incorporate technology in education.The constitution and staff of an educational institution must work as a team in order to provide proper knowledge to the children. The administrator must be keen in enhancing the skills and subject knowledge of the teachers and keep them updated. Seminars and workshops should be arranged

Analysis of Cyberspace Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of Cyberspace - Assignment ExampleEnergy in like manner is never a stranger, whenever a word globalization is mentioned. Iran has always been slapped with sanctions in an attempt by US and United Nations to tame it on its energy progression. Iran is one of the worlds largest producers of oil with high raw(a) gas reserves. As victor Onuoah buts that Iran is active with new geopolitics. Sovereignty is also of capacious value to any(prenominal) nation in the modern world with the high value organism attached to it with both leaders of nations and the people. As per Steven York, Iran geopolitics and their sovereignty are about world power. Countries in the world also fight for their scotch interest which is largely seen in Chinas fight for Taiwan with Russian having the same interest. The size of India has seen a acclivity in interest among different nations to seek to improve relations with India. India has a great potential of being one of the worlds greatest nations tha t drives the world economy. China is leading in that role of the struggle for India. Cyberspace is a very powerful tool in influencing geopolitics. Cyberspace ch onlyenges our traditional form of communication it marks a postmodern era, it has further gone to introduce a new form of social order which enormously disregard the geography of the places. Mycal Brown in VS-2 puts that cyberspace is both marvelous and disastrous . ...Cyberspace also has its disadvantages in regard to the recent rise in cyber terrorism. A cyber terrorist can harm a country or an institution within a country with a keystroke in the comfort of his room. This single keystroke often intimately cripples the same countries or institutions. Cyberspace has also brought uniqueness to the power dynamics associated with place and space. I do also concur with Samantha postulations in VS-2 that radio has the power to be one of the most influential interventions of all time as it completely changed the way people comm unicated cross-nationally in an interconnected world2. US armament greatly benefits from the radio during Afghanistan invasion because it is through the radio that they get the information thus helping them answer or rather strike on time the perceived potential threat. In vs-2 john medina states Steve spiegeleisen insist the current world is made up of three types of nations.2. With that he distinguished those with the greater show up in technology like the US the nationalistic which are struggling with territorial expansion and the transitional states like Russia and China which have greatly advance but still marred with political, social, cultural and sparing problems. Israeli-Arab fights also show how national interest always took the lead in the nations list of importance. In the Arab world, the great example being Afghanistan, the poor can actually have fuel but the state of onerousness is far-reaching. Women are the common victims of oppressions often being forced into marriages and victims of other abuses. America also suffers from its stand on Arab-Israeli conflict simply because this is largely viewed as a religious fight in that case, therefore, America suffers from Arab character mistrust.

Budget Proposal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

budget Proposal - Assignment ExampleThough the economy has witnessed decrease in unemployment, there is still a large proportion who has failed to find full time jobs. Corporate profits have risen dramatically, just the wage rate and income level has failed to witness the same growth. It should focus more on adding value to the uprise middle class and create a hub for jobs. It should work for many and not for few. US should try to pass more high tech jobs for its middle class. A growing middle class is a unwrap indicator of a growing economy. Bringing jobs will not solve the problem, save its people should be educated, trained and better equipped to meet the requirement of the jobs. This will not only improve the per capita income of US, but will also create high revenue for the government through large base of revenue payers (Mankiw, 2008).They key areas that should be the main focus towards a balanced budget would include sectors like, infrastructure and development, educati on, dandy energy, small business, manufacturing, health and defense. These are the critical areas of government expenditure that are to be increased spell the other sectors should be decreased. The other sectors include justice, transportation, SSA, Science foundation, treasury, interior, veteran affairs, agriculture, etc. From the revenue the budgeted tax arrangement should be increased. The sources include income tax, corporate tax, social security tax, excise and customs. Estate and gift tax to be expurgated. The specific target areas include the sectors that will help augment the revenue for the government and significantly reduce the budget deficit. Though it is totally not possible to eliminate the deficit in the short run, but it can be reduced to a sustainable level. All the sectors are critical to the growth of the economy, til now there are certain sectors as mentioned above that needs government aid to complement the flock of developing the middle class and creating jobs. Health and

Informatin systems in business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Informatin governing bodys in business - Assignment casingThe results provide an exploratory factor analysis of UTAUT model, demonstrating reliability and validity of the scales of the stated constructs, confirming if the model is a valuable measurement tool for evaluating the users innovation of use of smartphones. Background to the withdraw Controversies brace come up lately over which smartphone is the best to use. Depending on the purpose that one would like to put his smartphone into, preferences are varied for different volume. According to the article, Blackberry versus iPhone Which is better for business users? Articles by Hunter Skipworth (2010), show that businessmen have favored Blackberry for long very an iPhone. However, it is clear that the Apple has made an effort to introduce an first step feature which is more likely to make it the favorite for many whose attitude is futurists. With iPhone gaining stability due to its closely software update, Blackberry too has its own outstanding merits that make it marketable still. It is for these and many more reasons that this study was done to analyze the factors determining intention of use of a particular smartphone and not the other one. ... several(a) major features of Smart phones were investigated to come up with conclusive factors about what really is the key influence of peoples intentions to use smart phones. These features include the keyboards, speed, screen sizes and resolutions software updates, hardware simplicity, battery life, screen type and many more. The questions of study considered are 1. What makes a certain smart phone the preference for many? 2. What is the diversion in intentions and actual usage of different smart phones? 3. How do these intentions relate with 1 above? UTAUT present Development This study is to illustrate that the Unified Theory of Acceptance and use of Technology (UTAUT) model captures the factors impacting upon the intention and actuality of the us e of smart phones. Its aim is to explain users intentions to choose and use a certain information system and the factors that affect the usage intentions. It proves the general factual and theoretical basis for understanding a users attitude and credence of using an information system. People always have a certain attitude towards a unseasoned technology based on factors like experiences, routines, and even .habits (Bandura, 1986). Fig1 The UTAUT model. Source Taylor & Todd, 1995. The model was developed by reviewing constructs of ogdoad models that had been used to explain behavior of using Information Systems and Technology. These eight constructs that were consolidated are Theory of healthy Action(TRA) (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) ),Motivational Model (MM) ) (Davis et al.,1992), the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), a combined possibleness of planned behavior/technology acceptance model, Social Cognitive Theory, Innovation

Recommendations and Strategic Message Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Recommendations and Strategic Message - turn up ExampleOne attend desk staff can lead to many problems, which include the hotels neediness of modern technology facilities to increase service provision. For example, lack of speed hinders the outcome of the check-process then translating in shortsighted output performances, which further lead to a reduction in profit margins (Mackenzie, 2011). Arguably, it is evident that guests fabricate for the set up amount of money to have these go, and they remain extremely dissatisfied whenever they are unable to advance those services profusely. According to the amassed observations, Grant Hotel is the main competitor, and it seems to be doing better in speed than Baldwin Hotel (Tripadvisor, 2013). Convincingly, the situation persists because Grant Hotels management assigns at least two receptionists at the front desk in apiece shift. Contextually, the internal and immaterial strategic criterion that seeks to correct such failures in t he front desk would be the appropriate resolution to getting the profitable outcomes, and increase clientele in the organization. The approach coincides to the hotels values and objectives. The Grant Hotels front desk is able to serve two guests in every single report process, a strategy that acquaints the hotel an prefer to avoid queues while still saving time (Hotel Internet Marketing, 2013). Baldwin Hotel room key system is create a problem for the slow check-in. The accommodation system further faces inefficiencies that emanate from the key-handling system of the hotel. Mainly, the key-handling system in Baldwin Hotel is not connected to the point of sale (POS) system that enables the staff to be certain of the accommodated rooms. Consequently, the duration that each of the guests accommodates the rooms shall possibly pilfer (Mackenzie, 2011). Therefore, inconveniences would in the process of executing charges that each would be expected to pay to the accounts department. Re commendations and strategic message Baldwin Hotel is unable to preset the keys before the time of accommodating other guest thus there exist misconceptions and dire interruptions because the staff tends to confuse the billing system. On the other hand, Grant Hotel has keys preset and ready to be issued to the guest when they just check-in, a variable that serves as a competitive improvement since the customers are able to get the keys without feeling any form of distress (Tripadvisor, 2013). The process further leads to increased speed by handing the keys to the guests after their check-ins as opposed to Baldwin Hotel, which holds the guests in waiting after their completion of the check-in process. The highest rate of competition in the San Francisco market from Grant Hotel has further suppressed the hotel managements efforts to acquire the desired profit turnover and consumer population. Presumably, it would be advantageous to the hotel for the check-in process to be incorporated with POS system, which would view prompt updates of every process in the hotels reception. Imposing a hiring process of another employee, Baldwin Hotel would be aiming to accrue benefits since it would be able to save its

The Function of Jesus' Relationship with His Mother in John 2 and 19 Dissertation

The Function of delivery boy Relationship with His Mother in canful 2 and 19 - Dissertation ExampleThe common theological idea is that in Jesus, the password turned into flesh so that the Father will be revealed. Since he is the revealer of the Father and that he brings to demeanor all those who believe in him, Jesus is considered the Redeemer. Redemption occurs through faith in Jesus as the Revealer.3 All other factors involved in the gospel of John are inferior to the Christology. One of these factors is Marian theology. Although the mother of Jesus is nameless and secondary, she plays an important role. She is present in the two main scenes of the gospel of John the wedding at Cana (John 21-12), where the Johanine Jesus performed the first miracle in the gospel, and the scene at the foot of the scrape (John 1925-37), the last episode of Jesus life on Earth. ... Lee bluntly reveals that in drift for the Johanine text to become any powerful than it already is, the symbols con tained in the gospel of John should be disposed importance, be emphasized and brought in the center of the theological discussion. Roadmap This paper is created to show a textual and historic approach in showing the functions and meanings of the affinity of Mary, the mother of Jesus, using the gospel of John, particularly in chapters 2 and 19. This study is divided into six parts. Part I contains the introduction and the roadmap. The introduction will give a brief background of Johns gospel where the mother of Jesus was mentioned and how it will be see by some theologians. It will likewise show a glimpse of what the readers can judge upon digesting the completed content of the paper. The introduction also contains a roadmap of the study where it will be clearly shown what readers can expect to find in each part of the paper. Part II contains accountancys of the relationship between father and watchword in John. It is necessary to show this to get a better understanding of the relationship between Jesus and his mother. Part two will be further subdivided into three sections giving a more organized and comprehensible presentation. Part III is the main gist of this study. This section contains interpretations, insights and understanding of various theologians, scholars and experts on what the relationship of Jesus and his mother is as presented in the gospel of John. It contains a comprehensive, informative and detailed historical account of what is written in chapters 2 and 19 of the gospel of John and what it means in agreement to historical evidences and context and as compared to other

Geography in the Arab region Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Geography in the Arab field - Essay Examplethough contested boundaries and territorial disputes are factors that are not solely typical to Middle East, these factors still deport an immense importance for the region in a strategic context because of the existence of immense crude and natural gas resources in this part of the world (Held 1). As per Michael T. Klare, almost 65 percent of the correct worlds unexploited petroleum wealth is located in this region (54). The magnitude of these anoint reserves is expected to be approximately 673 billion barrels (Klare 55). So, it is both about m one and only(a)y and policy-making clout. Over time, the world is expected to get increasingly dependent on the Middle East crude oil reserves (Klare 57). As these oil reserves are expected to augment in value everyplace time, many of the powers placed in this region may be tempted to develop hegemony over large tracts of this region through the use of military might (Klare 57). Some of the d eveloped nations may resort to alternate methods to habit influence over this oil wealth by forging alliances with the regional powers, which is readily feasible, considering the existence of quintuple non-democratic and authoritarian regimes in the region (Klare 57).The long standing regional rivalries in the region are one more salient factor that has the potential to time and again jeopardize the regional stability. This refers to both Arab-Arab rivalries and the Arab-Israel rivalry. in that respect exists little hope regarding the potential of the outside forces to help the regional enemies negotiate a way out, as most of the important external powers do score economic and strategic interests in the region. The United States tends to have vital economic interests in the region besides having related strategic interests like the survival of Israel and the withholding tax of regional energy reserves from the other competitive powers (Kemp & Harkavy 7).

Human Resource Management and its Role in Managing the Employees of an Assignment

Human Resource Management and its Role in Managing the Employees of whatever Organization - Assignment ExampleOverall, the Human Resources department helps in organizing and deals with any issues related to compensation, rubber, policies, health settlement, general administration, training and development. They are also expected to add value to the employees (Wikipedia, 2010)Health and caoutchouc equity basically safeguard the welfare of employees and general public. The rightfulness holds the person, company or organization liable for any employee injured through accident at work or death of any employee. The Health and safety team can execute a criminal prosecution against the company which may result in penalty or imprisonment against the company management. The affected employee can also seek for damages in the civil court. (Wikipedia, 2010)Risk Management team to access the risks involved to the employees, customers, vendors who are affected by the activities performed i nner(a) the company premises. Protecting the health of other people against risks in connection with the activities performed by people at work.Having an effective leadership team and effective workforce management will help the organization in protecting and safeguarding the interest of the employees. The indispensable and critical principles are protecting the health and safety of the employees should be atomic number 53 of the main focuses of the risk management team in any organization. Health and Safety plays an integral and inherent part of the organizations success.Management, board members and the leadership team who do not show any focus in this area would never be able to achieve the highest achievement of health and safety management and should be penalized. Failure on the part of the management to incorporate health and safety as a key business risk can result in disastrous and appalling results to the organization. The law states that the leadership team will be perso nally and collectively liable in the event of a breach of these duties. (Health safety executive, n.d)The management should be held responsible and liable for violating the basic health and safety of the employees.

Child Development Punishment and Deterrence Essay Example for Free

Child Development penalty and Deterrence EssayWhen discuss children and issues that we have with them we to be sensitive and have a sympathetic head meaning we have to listen before we disciple them. We will discuss how to habit techniques and effects that batch retard our children from committing mistakes that can be fatal.With children now they have pretty very much gotten away with disrespecting no just adults and the produce but themselves as well. So we find ways to discipline them by fetching away telecasting game and leisure time but that sometimes does work why, is because we have spent so much time buying things to occupy their time due to our absence and lack of discipline when the time is appropriate. nowadays the child has gotten away with so much while he or she is little they tend to be to a greater extent bold with words and more disrespectful and then we have had it and want them out or we want help from others if you ask me its no one elses business it should stay in the family.This is because if this gets out about your child misbehaving it can go both ways, it can help you ask off the beaten track(predicate) r to each oneing out for help because others have the same difficultys and cant find a solution so the group can work together and find ways to fix the problem.Or you can take your child to Dr. Phil which to me is embarrassing because you actually have to expose this problem to the world about a child You cant raise your or control your household where you pay bills, and provide a roof with food and water available at any time DISRESPECTFUL.We tend to use the old ways of punishment like belts and extension cords etc. But you cant do that anymore we have counseling, psychiatrists, and the law I say the law because now if you hit a child and he or she calls the police youre going to jailhouse and will be frowned upon and by chance humiliated.The belt method in my opinion should be used from ages 2-10 I know it sound sava ge but I rather punish my child now than see them in a heartrending later because of lack of acknowledgement of what right and whats wrong this could be a life and close situation.Here is an example remember the Menendez Brothers Lyle and Erik Menendez shoot their parents, Jose and Kitty, to death in the den of the familys Beverly Hills, California, hearth. They then drove up to Mulholland Drive, where they dumped their shotguns before continuing to a local movie theater to buy tickets as an alibi. When the pair returned home, Lyle called 911 and cried, individual killed my parents The Menendez murders became a national sensation when the new television network, Court TV, broadcast the trial in 1993.Although the Menendez brothers were non immediately suspected, Erik couldnt take the guilt and confessed his involvement to his psychotherapist, Dr. L. Jerome Oziel. Ignoring his own ethical responsibilities, Dr. Oziel taped the sessions with his new patient in an apparent attempt t o impress his mistress. But the woman ended up going to the police with her teaching and, in March 1990, Lyle, 22, and Erik, 19, were arrested. http//www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-menendez-brothers-murder-their-parentsNow we can debate why did these children do this? Is it because of lack of punishment by chance the kids were spoiled and had nothing to challenge them and decided to make names for them by creating a violent episode, or maybe they we sick psychologically what do you think?More than 20% of the inmates in the cook county jail range from ages 16-30. This is very true because plague for these individuals have risen due to the fact of single home parenting while results in most cases kids joining gangs and being embraced by the streets.I have a soupcon but I cant really tell you why these crimes are so noble its like they have little no regards for the law. But we have to teach them when they are vernal and encourage them to do better and live a long life a nd show them why crime doesnt pay versus telling them.No as far as deterrence this is a problem and Im going to tell you of my experience being a soldier put in that position. In 2005 Hurricane Katrina hit Louisiana it was so tragic that for everyone to see around the world was involved in the recovery efforts. I volunteered to go smooth and do whatever so I served as a second hand but only in uniform. But when my unit got called up to go bundle there we had a mission to patrol the streets and put up road blocks and issue a curfew. This was not good we had stopped a few people and I could see the terror in their look because they had men in uniform that had US Army insignia with M-16s like we were at war.We were supposed to be helping others not putting more resistance on them as far as taking away there at long last bit of freedom but we had no choice because the police were bobble and had fled the state so we were now the lawmen as well as the rescuers. Here we are with these large vehicles turn over down the street 5-10 HUMVEEs in a row with all this gear, this made people more afraid that safe they didnt know what to do. But the point is that if we launch our on people against each other its like genocide what would happen if you had relative that were known for trouble in Kentucky and you are deployed down there and have to confront one of them in an effort to clean up and make peace treaty this is difficult do you arrest them, talk to them, engage them your own blood?Military should be the last and final resort. I just believe the FBI and its task force should be deployed in a summer and take over the streets because they carry stiffer penalties when you commit crimes of violent nature such as murder and self-command of firearms etc.References(http//www.nicic.gov/)http//www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-menendez-brothers-murder-their-parents

3d Printing Technology Essay Example for Free

3d printing process applied science EssayLegitimate Concerns Facing 3D Printing TechnologyExecutive SummaryThis research journal denomination discusses how 3D Printing engineering whitethorn sum federal firearms regulations. The focus of the article is that, due to the learning of 3D Printing technology, individuals, even great deal without practiced expertise, now have the ability to usage the new technology to buzz off guns at home such(prenominal) more easily than they ever have before. This behavior tycoon bring capacious harm to society. However, if a comprehensive prohibition on using 3D Printers to manufacture personal weapons were implemented, it might defy the 2008 soil of Columbia v. Heller Supreme Court decision. In fact, the increasing best-selling(predicate)ity of 3D Printing means law work outrs must(prenominal) decide soon whether or not to resign 3D Printing of weapons. 3D Printing both should besides be allowed to produce cut offgs that canno t be use as lethal weapons.Or, secondly, it can be used to produce a physical, working gun. The second option might achieve advances in 3D impression technology and promote the development of firearms design. However, developments in 3D Printing technology be creating vexs that not only legitimate consumers but also criminals are sufficient to print firearms at home. If the law doesnt allow individuals to use 3D printers to manufacturer personal weapons like handguns, it might be il level-headed according to the insurgent Amendment of the Constitution, a provision which protects the ripe of individuals to possess firearms below the law. Specifically, under the 2nd Amendment individuals may have the right to create their own firearms for self-defense, and the right to the manufacture firearms technology and significants. Analysis and CritiqueIn fact, 3D Printing technology is not brand new. This technology has been undergoing development for more than a decade. The reason it b ecame more popular recently is because of decreasing usage costs, so more and more individuals have the opportunity to own 3D Printers for personal use. In my analysis and critique of this journal article, I will focus on triad different areas how well does it deliver information to the reader, how the product will evolve in the future, and what is my opinion of concern about 3D Printing technology relate to firearms production after reading this journal article. graduation of all, this article is well organized and divided into four parts. The first part introduces what 3D Printing is, and how it is assertable to produce firearms using the technology. The second part explains why the sale and production of firearms are limited under federal regulations, and provides an overall outlook of the firearm industry. quit three includes explanations of how 3D printers may change firearms production. Finally, Part four describes the constitutional right to bear arms, and it also analyzes the extent to which Hellers case may limit prohibitions on 3D Printing. Moreover, this article provides other critical information to explain key points. It is a very valuable introduction for a reader without a background in the subject who might not be very familiar with the IT industry or with the relevant legislation. Based on the information and supporting details provided by the author, readers will have a basic idea of the fundamental issues concerning the production of 3D Printing and weaponry. As a result, it relates the technology to big concerns about public security, and the author gives great manakins of the various level-headed arguments on the topic. Therefore, I think this article is a valuable qualitative article that can expand peoples knowledge on the subject.Secondly, besides concerns about guns, there are no other disadvantages to the improvement of 3D Printing, which will make the operating cost of the technology superchargeively cheap. Jensen-Haxel expl ains how 3D Printing actually works in his articleThe process begins with a digital 3D model created using Computer Added Design (CAD) software. The software automatically slices the model into a stack of thin horizontal cross-sections about 0.1mm in height. The, 3D printer then builds the physical model by depositing material layer by layer.At the same time, 3D Printers are getting smaller and smaller, which will make it easier for consumers to have their own machines at home. This changes the old production model. Nowadays, people are allowed to produce some(prenominal) they privation using a 3D Printer, all they need are the required data and materials. In fact, because of the development of the Internet, it iseasier than ever for people to get these resources online. Evans states thatThe quickest way to get started with 3D printing is simply to find models online that others have already created and shared on the Internet. The online 3D printing community is growing all the t ime, so more and more things are being shared every day.Therefore, the limitations of self-production have shifted from hardware difficulties to software or materials issues. The technology is becoming simpler to use, but it might harm light manufacturing industries because some designers may be able to use their own 3D Printers to produce a sample instead of finding established producers that use traditional manufacturing methods. Because of these improvements, the potential for 3D Printing is bright, but the light manufacturing industry might be negatively affected by it.Finally, the author argues that the rapid improvement of 3D Printing and the increasing convenience for individuals to produce things with it is both a major concern and a tremendous possibility. Should individuals receive the right to do whatever they want with 3D Printing technology, even the ability to print firearms? The topic of gun safety has arrest especially relevant since the school shooting in Newton, C onnecticut last year. More and more people are arguing about if the government should make some changes to firearms regulation.Jensen-Haxel wrote in his article that As the office of production passes from industry to consumer, many areas of the law may be caught unprepared. (P.448) Concerns about the rate of technological progress outpacing regulations are not limited to 3D Printing. Because of the relentless improvements to technology, more and more challenges will occur as regulators try to manage new technology. The fact is, in most cases, laws only change after a new problem occurs, which means that new products will often exist in a legal gray area before rules can be changed. How the government deals with this issue might be a big concern in the following decades.To sum up, this article first introduces 3D Printing technology, and gives an example how 3D Printing has been used to print a firearm. As a result, the author relates this new technology to a regulatory concern. Wi thin his argument, he provides lots of legal information, and then tries to point out a fact that some gray areas exist because regulation usually develops slower than a new technology can. Back to this article, is seems like the future of 3D Printing technology in unclear until the government resolves the legal issues concerning manufacturing weapons with this technology. ReferenceEvans, B. (2012). Practical 3D printers the science and art of 3D printing. New York Apress. Jensen-Haxel, Peter (2012). 3D Printers, ancient Firearm Supply Controls, and the Right to Build Self-Defense Weapons Under Heller. Golden Gate University Law check May2012, Vol. 42 Issue 3, p447-496, 50p

The Spread Of Islam Across The Globe Essay Example for Free

The Spread Of Islam Across The Globe analyseInadvertently, there is no doubt that Islam is one of the widely pass out religion in the world, with followers spanning crosswise the globe. There are more Christians converting to Islam than there are Muslims converting to Christianity. The pattern and the rapidity with which Islam broadcast over age has been a point of interest to most scholars with all manner of theories being in the fore to relieve this phenomenon. Looking at how Islam is mapped out indicates that in addition to other factors, environmental determinism and communication played a major role. The fiesta of Islam can be traced back to the death of Prophet Muhammad. His death prompted the rise of the Arab conglomerate and later the creation of Muslim dynasties spanning over the Middle East, brotherhood and West Africa. Indeed a regard of the sign string out of Islam is compounded by the lack of proper objective documentation and in addition the distinct theories being fronted by scholars. However, many recognize that the spread of this religion took place in bods. The first phase was during the fist century of Islam as spread by Muhammad.This was an era characterized by Muslim subjugations of the existing empires which were reoriented to state of wards Islam. recital has it that the initial spread of Muslim ideals was non emphasized on conversion but rather on subordination of the polytheistic societies at the outset, they were hostile to conversions beca single-valued function new Muslims diluted the economic status advantages of the Arabs. (Ira, 2002, 200) However, Islam became instantly usual as it was offering a new societal order it was providing an alternative to the existing political and spectral identity.The administration of the Arab empire in addition made Islam an attractive venture to the elements of the former Byzantine and Sasanian aristocracies, including soldiers, officials, landlords, and others (Ira, 2002 , 200). With metre though, the notion that Islam was an exclusive Arab affair would be diminished by the formation of a religious doctrine, this opened the doors to mass conversions. Mosques and schools were built popularizing the religion and building a competitive front to the Christians and the Jews. The second phase was characterized by the formation of Islamic discip occupancys, establishing a body of Islamic philosophy and law.It is this era that would witness the spread of Islam to Africa and also in central Asia. From here, Islam would spread gradually to the rest of the world. Theories abound over the rapid spread of Islam crosswise the globe. The most prominent theory and which has been largely discredited forceful conversion. This theory was informed by the betimes days of the spread of Islam which were characterized by Mohammed forming an army of Muslims to conquer medina. It is also formed by images and stories of an Arab horseman wielding a sword and a Quran.Indeed, the conquest of North Africa was a result of militarization. Due to its proximity to the Middle East, North Africa had been mapped out as a possible territory where Islam could be spread barely a a few(prenominal) decades after the death pf Mohammad. Before its conquest, North Africa was largely under the Christian Byzantines. The Arabs made their inroads by establishing armament bases in Tunisia (then referred to as Qayrawan). Islam from here was spread to the native Berbers. The conversion of the Berbers meant that the Arab forces were strengthened and used to conquer Spain as well as some parts of France.The existing institutions of the Byzantine Empire were removed after the conquest of the Constantinople. From here, the Arab forces progressed to Iran and Asia conquering the existing empires and although they did not establish permanent residents, they in farmingd societal changes that were conducive to the survival of Islam. It is important to adopt that these early campaig ns were carried out by the Umayyads, under Umar, the second caliph having taken over from Abu Bakr who was the immediate inheritor of Mohammad.The Umayyads are seen as having played a major role in the early expansion of Islam done what is referred to as jihad. Their main aim was to conquer, plunder and establish as system of taxation that would benefit the Arabs. It is these incidences that name continued to fuel criticism against Muslims especially by western scholars who maintain that the spread of Islam has been as a result of violence (Frances, 2009, 37). It is important to point out that the theory of force conversion has largely been discredited. This is not to mean that history is not rife with other incidences of forced conversions.Christianity and Islam are two religions that have been recognised as at one moment in their history propagated the use of violence to spread and accommodate the faith, this has remained a controversy and also a contradiction as the two reli gions are deeply anchored in the ideals of peace and condemnation of violence. The spread of Islam in Bengal has aroused much interest with most leaning towards forced conversion as the reason behind it. The spread of Islam across north and West Africa is also seen as having been fuelled by violence meted out against the locals in the bid to establish a new political order.Razia (1992, 2) has critically examined this observing that the sword theory can only be a partial explanation of an exceedingly complex process that has resulted in the spread of Islam. The initial process of the spread of Islam lay on the disruption of the social and religious structures of non-Muslim communities in the tenth to the twelfth centuries. (Ira, 2002, 200). This was created animosity and hostility between the Muslims and the non Muslims, leading to the decease of the existing social and communal organizations.The resultant collapse of order in the society would see Muslims leading initiate reco nstruction schemes that would see the rise of a new societal beliefs and identities. Major aspects of the spread of Islam are environmental determinism and communication. environmental determinism is a theory propagating the idea that culture is determined by the physical conditions and not by social conditions as had priory been believed. This was a conclusion that was reached by a cross examination of different cultures, the behaviors and attitudes of those people in relation to physical factors such as climate and topography.It is a similar line of thinking that has been used to analyze the spread of Islam globally, as Holt et al (1977, 443) observes there is a closer human relationship between Islam and its geographical setting, than that of any other of the great monotheistic religions. A critical analysis of the spread and expansion of Islam reveals one succinct feature it has largely been laid out in the arid zones and on the major sea routes. As scholars have observed, th e rapid spread of Islam can be seen to have occurred on great deal routes. The spread of Islam to major parts of Africa has been closely looked into.Due to its geographic proximity to the Middle East, a few decades after the death of Muhammad, Islam had been expanded to the blue Africa this would be followed by a push into Spain resulting to Islam cattle ranch across three continents globally. This fast spread has been credited to concern and geographic positioning more than to anything else. The initial spread of Islam was done by military conquest but the later expansion was done finished frontiers. A look at the medieval era indicates that the major sea and land routes were in the write of the Muslim merchants.There is evidence that Islam was spread along those routes, as Michael has concurred, at the time, the leading edges of this expansion were chop-chop moving southward along both the east and west coasts of Africa, northeastward into central Asia, and southeastward through India into the Indonesian archipelago. (2004, 24) North African traders are credited for having spread Islam to West Africa and later to the south of Sahara. The spread of Islam to Africa took place in three phases. The first phase saw the harvest of Muslim communities that lived along the trade routes.Then, there was a clear correlation between Islam and distance trade. There were clear incentives given to the merchants that enabled them to stand out trade better than the non Muslims. The 12th century saw increased spread of Islam in Africa referable to the increased contacts between the two. Merchant scholars were fast be approach path advisors in some of the African kingdoms and integration between Africans and the Muslims was taken to a higher level. In the second phase, Islam would cease to be confined in the shores of the Indian navals and along trade routes into the interior.The early interactions of the Muslim scholars with the some of the African kings led to a fast spread of Islam. There is evidence of a number of empires that fully embraced Islam and lorded over their subjects. The Mali Empire is a distinct warning of this. Initially, Islam, for it to be acceptable to the natives had to be blended with the local traditions. The third phase of the spread of Islam in Africa was through a holy war, a jihad initiated by the Muslims to conquer the waning influence of the pagans.This led to the growth of communities that fully embraced Islam. The nineteenth century in West Africa was characterized with jihads this was an era that would see the emergence of strong African Muslim leading such as Samouri Toure. By the time colonialism was being instituted, Islam had already gained roots that not even the anti slavery campaigns could reduce the growing influence. One factor still remains in Africa Islam remains the main religion in areas that acted as the major trade routes, which coincidentally were along the ocean shores.In Africa, as well as in the Middle East, areas dominated by Islam are seen as containing similar geographic and climatic features. Communication is also a major factor that fuelled the rapid spread of Islam. This is in terms of the use of Arab as the main language of Islam thus enhancing interaction and integration of the diverse converted groups. A look at the history of Arabic reveals that before the onset of Islam, it was regarded as a minor group of the Semitic language. Currently, Arabic is the holy language through which Islamic substance was delivered.The use of Arabic has led to the fast spread of Islam as it has seen the converted being inculcated into the ways and culture of the Arabs. The agency of communication can also be seen in the way that the initial Muslim frontiers carried the message across. strange the Christians who formed associations and movements to propagate their Christian beliefs, Islam relied on informal processes such as the formation of business partnerships and pol itical affiliations, as well as through intermarriage. (Michael, 2004, 24) This meant that the Muslim frontiers formed tighter ties with the locals enhancing the further spread of Islam. The power of the message passed across was also a major factor in the rapid spread of Islam. Before the coming of Islam, majority of the societies had loosely organized political systems with individuals being locked in their own tribal cocoons with no prospects of interaction with the outside world. Islam however sought to establish a new order the growth of successful states in the Middle East was being used as a good enough reason to exponent for the spread of Islam civilization.Islam hence was being seen holding the key to civilization and was soon being identified with leaders and the elites in the society. As Ira has mentioned, Islam became the religion of tribal peoples and merchant group seeking economic integration, and state elites seeking consolidated political power. (2002, 205) Islam presented new ideals, a shift from the past and would see the quest for the formation of new states and the shift from animistic and polytheistic traditional religions to modernity which became characterized by modernism.Islam was seen as bringing in a new social identity. Indeed, the rapid spread of Islam is a major a topic bill of exchange various views from scholars and pundits. The traditional held view that it was through violence and coercion that the faith has been able to expand globally has been long disputed. Though there is evidence especially in the medieval era when the holy war was used as an instrument of conquest, there is more to this as Christianity also used crusaders in its expansionary mission. Environmental determinism and communication are seen as major factors.A look at the spread of Islam indicates a true pattern, though it is globally spread, it is mainly concentrated in middle east, some parts of Europe, central Asia, northern and western Africa. These a re areas that border the Middle East and are situated along the major trade routes. The geographical factor of the spread of Islam has remained a key interest. The use of a common language and the wing of Arabic as the holy language through which the holy message was delivered is also a major factor as it has eased communication and integration of Muslims worldwide.ReferencesRazia A. B. (1992) Islam in Bangladesh. BRILL. Michael F. (2004) Islam in world cultures comparative perspectives. ABC-CLIO, herds grass I. (2003) The archaeology of Islam in sub-Saharan Africa. Cambridge University Press, Holt P. M et al. (1977) The Cambridge account statement of Islam. Cambridge University Press, Ira M. L. (2002) A history of Islamic societies. Cambridge University Press, Frances O. (2009) History of Islam. The Rosen Publishing Group,

Ritalin Abuse Essay Example for Free

methylphenidate Abuse EssayThe pharmaceutical industry, working with the government and wee psychiatry, claim that such medicines as Ritalin, ar a safe treatment for ADHD. School systems and courts wipe out pressured and notwithstanding forced pargonnts to give stimulant drugs to their children. But hidden behind the well-oiled public relations machine is a potenti on the wholey devastating earthly concern. The problem with ADHD or ADD is already not whether or not ADHD is a subtype of ADD, solely preferably the problem is whether or not we should be medicating our children with drugs such as Ritalin. Questions similar the following often arise when discussing the issue Are the situation effects worth acquiring our children under control? Are all the children who ar on Ritalin on it for just dress or ar the drugs beingness abused? What does the future hold for these children who are using Ritalin and different stimulants? All these questions leave lifts wonderin g if they should ramble their young child on medications and what it will do to their future.Millions of children are prescribed the stimulant drugs such as Ritalin, Adderall, Concerta and Metadate for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in the hope of controlling behaviours described as hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention. These medications decrease restlessness, improve attention span, increase the ability to focus, decrease aggressive outbursts and improve social interaction. They are thought to work by adjusting the brains chemical balance and reversing under-arousal, possibly by increasing the availability of true neurotransmitters.About 75 % of children with ADHD respond well to stimulant medication with improved attention at school and increased academic productivity (Kidd, 2000). Ritalin, the most commonly prescribed stimulant for ADHD, peaks 1 to 2 hours after its taken and effects last about 4 hours. For maximum benefit its taken trine times a day, s nevertheless days a week in order to sustain photographic plate as well as school interactions. ( virtually find that although the afternoon dose eases sept relationships, it may alter side effects such as poor appetite and insomnia. ) A slow-release form taken in the morning may last the day (at least 6 to 8 hours).A few jump drug tolerance and need increasing doses to suppress symptoms. (High amounts may energize some growth-retarding effect, requring a drug change. ) Side effects of Ritalin can accommodate headaches, insomnia, reduced appetite and weight loss, stomach aches, periodic tics (grimaces, nail biting), a zombie-like stare, obsessive over-focussing (becoming over-engrossed) and emotional constriction (for instance shown by drawings where e precisething is miniscule or shoved tightly into a corner). Omitting the 4 p. m. dose might overcome the sleep problems but at the cost of disrupting home and family life.Most side effects can be avoided by giving smaller dose s. Some children quarry to the roller-coaster feeling while on the drug, and want to feel normal again, leading to a drop-off in drug-taking. Some hate the motif of having their behaviour controlled and some parents oppose the idea of mind-altering drugs for their kids (Kidd, 2000, p. 20). In whatsoever case, there are always some ideals that do persuade parents into giving their children stimulants. The one of the appeals, and usually a selfish one, is that the drug lounge just abouts their child under control.Parents who are fed up with their child and their behavior mobilise that there is no other way of getting their child to be cast and automatically look for a drug to get the situation changed sometimes when the child hasnt even been diagnosed with disorder yet. The appeal greatens when guilt settles in. Parents sometimes feel responsible for their childs outbreaks and by giving him or her a drug it makes the parents feel as if something chemically is wrong, and isnt bec ause of the childs upbringing (Brink, 2004). Besides short-term benefits for Ritalin, some studies show that there are some long-term ones as well.In 1988 scientists found improvements in cognitive functions in reading performances. Though it wasnt positive, and is also very moot if the drug itself was creating the improvement or if it was the drugs ability to reduce the disorders symptoms, which helps the child focus, but in the end, there good-tempered was an obvious increase in learning. Though frustration of child obedience, previously mention guilt, and hope for mitigate grades often play a vital role in the decision of whether or not to put ones child on medication, there are some outstanding negatives that also make an impact on parents choices on the matter. wiz of the major problems with Ritalin is the side effects the medication causes its users. As mentioned before, these include effects as minor as stomach pains, sleep loss, loss or appetite and irritability. But side effects can be as serious as facial tics, anxiety, insomnia, and depression. (Hancock and Wingert, 1996) Other sever symptoms include increase in blood pressure, nausea, hypersensitivity, and temporary decrease in bone growth (White and Rouge, 2003).In February of 1996, the nourishment and Drug Administration released a study done on mice that showed that Ritalin might even have the ability to cause a liver cancer (Hancock and Wingert, 1996). It is being feared by many physicians that Ritalin is being overly prescribed to children. Some doctors are seeing patients that have been told to have ADHD, but in reality have other problems such as learning surdies or depression. Parents often even ask doctors for Ritalin, even when their child does not have a need for it, but the childs parents want to see his or her grades rise.Some doctors even admit to giving children the drug without doing much background checking of the child or any psychological tests that may prove the child has o ther problems. (Hancock and Wingert, 1996). ADHD is diagnosed without much hoop jumping. There are 16 different symptoms that ADHD is connected with, and if the child has eight of them then all too often he or she is automatically considered to have ADHD often without taking any other disorders or problems into rumination such as anxiety or depression (Donnelly, 1998).It seems as though parents are able to get their children the drug almost at demand. If they feel their child is in need of the stimulant, there is lilliputian lemniscus them from receiving it. Skepticism of ADHD and stimulants continue getting more serious when taking in some of the statistics. One fact that may change someones thoughts on the disorder is that 8 in 10 children with ADHD are boys (Donnelly, 1998) But does anyone put into consideration that girls develop and become mature faster than boys?Or is it being forgotten that kids are just kids and are not always going to act as teachers and parents desire? another(prenominal) issue relating to Ritalin is the possibilities of unknown long-term effects that have not yet been discovered. There have not been any long-term studies done on children who have taken Ritalin. Since ADHD cannot be well-tried by blood tests or any other kind of testing, there is always the chance that children are being misdiagnosed and receiving stimulants for a disorder that they do not have (Hancock and Wingert, 1996).Children sometimes have symptoms that seem like ADHD but arent at all. The child can have problems such as chronic fear, crackers seizures or even chronic ear infections, all of which may make adults assume the child has the disorder, but in reality has something completely different. Often problems at home make children act up as well. There maybe an abusive parent at home that makes a child be baffling in the classroom. In cases like these the child is not in need of drugs, but ineluctably focusing (White and Rouge, 2003). The concept of ADHD and its medications are really hard to justify.There are some very reasoned reasons for putting children on the drug, especially helping them pay attention in school and having the same chance as the rest of the children in their classes. But the side effects are just mind boggling. I think even the slightest chance of some of these side effects mentioned would want parents to search for alternatives for their children and keep them apart from the drug. Another problem about ADHD is the fact that doctors cannot find anything psychically different from the children diagnosed with the disease from those that are normal. Dr. Thomas Millar, a retired Vancouver child psychiatrist, goes as far as to say that ADHD is a mythic disorder(Donnelly, 1998, p. 2). He also says that the problem is not hyper children, but rather its poor parenting. Children that act as children do- substantially excited, short attention spans, and hyper (all symptoms of ADHD)- are not considered to be act ing as normal children, but rather as children with a disorder. I think Dr. Millar put it best when he said, If Tom Sawyer was around today, hed be Ritalin, as would any other normal boy in literature.Today, parents dont have any idea of what child behavior ought to be. Parents who start giving their children this drug at ages as earlier as two, I think, are looking for quick fix and are being lazy. How can parent decide that a two year old is being hyper supple (White and Rouge, 2003)? Most two year olds are active and have little to no attention spans. I think this only teaches children that drugs are the answer to all our problems. By putting a child on a mind altering drug at such a young age, when he or she has not even started school yet, it leaves a parent with very little evidence or reason for their action.The child does not have schoolwork yet, and has little need for paying attention for long periods of time, so what does this child need the drug for? Because the child i s difficult and more active than a parent wishes? It almost seems as if parents want to change their childs personality and make their childhood less interesting. I think its very important that parents do not view Ritalin as the first and only way of calming their child down. All in all, Ritalin is a very controversial drug in our country because of its side effects and the insecurities of diagnosing ADHD.The drug carries very important help for children who are struggling to pay attention and without a doubt do have a disorder. But the number of children who are on the drug for the wrong reason is a scarey thought. Are we become so impatient with our children that we do not want to take the time to separate or help them through their problems? Have our children become so bad that we are willing to take chances their health so they calm down and do not embarrass us? Our society needs to learn more about this drug that too many of us are so readily giving to our children.

Counselling Theories Essay Example for Free

Counselling Theories Essay1.Explain the beliefion of nature versus nurture, using yourself as a case study to illustrate the theory.The concept of nature versus nurture is that humanity conduct is influenced by genic information inherited from our parents and also by environmental and social influences. My appearance such as ill-judged sightedness and pigmentation (freckles) I inherited from my parents. This means like my father I must wear glaze to drive and many other aspects of my daily life. Being a woman this heightens my social awareness as how others perceive me. Society dictates the body beautiful. Magazines, Bill-boards, TV and newspapers constantly suggest the need to have a perfect complexion. This influences how I perceive myself and makes me feel I must wear makeup to cover up such blemishes to appear more acceptable and feel good about myself. Thus this influences my behaviour in everyday life as I feel my appearance determines my acceptance by others.2.Iden tify one specialisation and one flunk of the nature versus nurture concept in relation to understanding human cultivation and individual behaviour. bingle intensiveness of the nature versus nurture concept in relation to understanding human development and individual behaviour is the ability to explain addiction to smoking, drinking and narcotics. Children see their family and friends behaviour as socially acceptable and so exhibit these behaviours with little question. This often leads to entrenched social behaviour. This suggests that our early experiences basin affect our perspective later in magnanimoushood.One weakness of the nature versus nurture concept in relation to understanding human development and individual behaviour is that if someones behaviour is only when determined by their genes then to what extent are mickle in sway of their lives. For instance people suffering from ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder) have the same set of genes only when depending on the ir family, social or cultural upbringing may respond distinguishablely to the same situation.3.Describe Freuds concept of the ego, id and superego. Explain how the ego,id and superego interact. practice session an example from your own experience.Id Describes the biological or instinctive response. This is our original personality we are born with and controls responses in the early st climb on of life.Ego In this second developmental st maturate, compromises in instinctive responses to environmental lot begin to develop. The ego mediates with the id by considering the rules of the real realism and the consequences of actions taken in that world.Superego This is that part of our psyche that determines how we estimate we should react in a given situation. This is the development of morals, what is right and what is wrong. It is a further development of control over the id response. An example from my own experience is say when I see a piece of legal community on display. My id tells me I want to eat the piece of cake, my ego says are you really that hungry. My superego rationalises the situation and asks if I eat the cake unnecessarily, a possible consequence is I will put on weight down and so is this the right thing to do? 4.Identify one strength and one weakness of Freuds concept of the ego, id and superego in relation to understanding human development and individual behaviour.One advantage of Freuds concept of the ego, id and superego in relation to understanding human development and individual behaviour is that it gives a good boilers suit description of development of the human psyche. It blots the development of personality and physical development stages. It demonstrates the interplay or lack of amid these different aspects of the psychological process and how different outcomes can occur as a consequence of this balance. One weakness of Sigmund Freuds concept of the ego, id and superego in relation to understanding human development and ind ividual behaviour is that not each may be equally well developed. This mix of psyche occurs at different rates for each individual. This can lead to social consequences where individuals will be treated differently create a hindrance in the future development of the ego and superego.5. Describe Jean Piagets cardinal stages of cognitive development and provide an example from your own experience to illustrate the theory.Sensorimotor (Birth 18 months) During this diaphragm the baby begins torecognise the world around them and so develops refined eye movement, depth vision, and later as they begin to explore further learn to crawl and then walk. They start to use simple row mum, dad and other single word responses. Preoperational (18 months to 6 years) Here the child increases their vocabulary and recognise some simple symbols and how to deal with certain basic situations. They can understand those near to them and begin to reason the world around them. Concrete operational (6 to 12 years) At this point language skills increase but are still tied to the real world. The ability to reason increases in seeking to understand the world around them.Formal operational (12 years and over) About this point the child begins to explore abstract or hypothetical situations. There is an attempt to organise thoughts and situations into a logical ordering. From my own experience while I cannot remember the first two stages but I have seen them in my childrens growing up. At the age of 12 my daughter started to explore cooking for herself at first making cakes and more modify meals. She started to ask such questions regarding instructions on packet mixes before progressing to more complicated cooking such as a bacon, tomato and onion omelette. More recently she has started to explore more complex issues and wherefore people do what they do.6.Identify one strength and one weakness of Piagets stages of cognitive development in relation to understanding human development and individual behaviour.Piagets stages of cognitive development demonstrate an important connection between physical development and personality stages. A criticism levelled at Piaget however was that he used his own children and others from a well educated and high socio-economic background. This selection is thus not to the full representative of all society. Further children from different environment and cultural backgrounds may mature differently. Thus the age classification of the different stages may be ofttimes wider with some children developing at an earlier age and some later.7.List Eriksons eight psychosocial stages of development. Which stage do you see yourself in and why?(1)Oral sensory (0 1 year)(2)Muscular anal (2 3 years)(3)Locomotor-genital (3 5 years)(4)Latency (6 years puberty)(5)Adolescence (12 18 years)(6)Early adulthood (18 35 years)(7)Middle adulthood (35 60 years)(8)Mature adult (60+ years)Im at stage 7 according to Eriksons psychosocial stages of dev elopment. I am 40 years old, I have a family, a career and have organized as much as is possible my future life which now includes further education.8.Identify one strength and one weakness of Eriksons stages of development in relation to understanding human development and individual behaviour.A strength of Eriksons stages of development in relation to understanding human development and individual behaviour is that it places greater stress in the nature versus nurture debate for the need for both concepts. Further this description is lay across an entire lifespan of a human being. A criticism, however, is that this theory describes the developmental process or else than explaining it.

Should Defendants with Traumatic Brain Injuries Be Held Accountable for Their Actions Essay Example for Free

Should Defendants with Traumatic Brain Injuries Be Held Accountable for Their Actions Essay hexad weeks later on getting his drivers license, Christopher Tiegreen was in a car collision near his space in Gainesville, Ga. Tiegreens Isuzu Trooper flipped several times, causing severe head injuries. A month later, Tiegreen emerged from a coma a different person. The impact of the crash pay backd damage to the frontal lobe of his caput and she ared his disposition stem. During his recovery and rehabilitation, the commonly gentle Tiegreen became violent towarfared his mother, as well as with other family members and rehab staff. On Sept. 1, 2009, Tiegreen walked surface of a duplex apartment where he was supposed to be under 24-hour supervision. In a gait nearby he attacked a young wo earthly concern holding her 20-month-old son. He was charged with aggravated assault, deplorable attempt to commit a felony, false imprison housement, battery, sexual battery and cruelty to a c hild in the third degree. (Davis, 2012). Is Christopher Tiegreen a different person now, with a severely impaired mental capacity, because of his traumatic thinker wound, or is he just an angry, violent person who has exclusively committed his first crime? more(prenominal) succinctly do Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) cause violent behavior in previously dominion people, or is the TBI personality change simply a smoke screen world used to fight back people with dangerous personality traits who happen to have a flair harm? To begin with, a definition of Traumatic Brain Injury, e particular(a)ly as opposed to a head injury, as just about people do confuse the two. The Mayo Clinic defines Traumatic Brain Injury as Traumatic brain injury occurs when an external mechanical force causes brain dysfunction. The Mayo Clinic, 2012). Traumatic brain injury usually results from a violent blow or jolt to the head or body. An object penetrating the skull, such(prenominal) as a bullet or shattered piece of skull, also digest cause traumatic brain injury. (The Mayo Clinic, 2012). A Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is non a head injury, it is not a concussion nor an injury to the skull or spine it is exclusively an injury the brain (and/or brain stem). With the definition clear, we contrive that the statistics regarding TBIs are shocking Dr.William Winslade provides the following information from 2003, Traumatic brain injury for decades has been, and continues to be, a major public health difficulty in the United States. Car crashes, gunshot wounds, fall and sports injuries account for two million brain injuries a year, nearly 400,000 hospital admissions, and at least 60,000 deaths. near 90,000 people suffer a severe brain injury and survive yet require extended, dearly-won rehabilitation. Some 2,000 people a year lapse into permanent unconsciousness lasting for months or old age before they die. (Winslade, 2003).Some survivors of traumatic brain injury fully re cover, entirely many others experience a multitude of cognitive, emotional and behavioral disabilities. (Winslade, 2003). As a survivor of a traumatic Brain Injury, the uncomplaining faces a myriad of recovery issues, not simply medical issues such as headaches, lethargy, pain in the distal limbs, speech issues, attention deficit and memory loss may affect cognitive functioning. Per Dr. William Winslade, an upright on Traumatic Brain Injuries the changes in an individual with a TBI are profound and noticeable genius changes are common.Those who were calm and controlled may become quick-tempered and impulsive. In some people anger erupts into strong-growing attacks on others. Many with severe brain injuries lack the ability to control their thoughts, emotions, impulses and their conduct. They may become uninhibited, promiscuous, anxious, insane or violent. (Winslade, 2003). It is precisely these personality changes that makes Traumatic Brain Injuries so different from head in juries such as concussions, which do not present any marked changes is personality.Courts in the United States have increasingly been go about with the question as to whether or not the profound changes that are associated with TBIs should be considered a mitigating part in trying defendants with the injury, or in determining what their sentences should be and where they should serve their time, if any in a prison or in a mental health facility. According to Duke University researcher Nita Farahany, the number of cases in which adjudicate have menti adeptd neuroscience proof in their opinion increased from 112 in 2007 to more than 1,500 in 2011. (Koebler, 2012).The use of neuroscience in the courtroom is definitely increasing, Nita Farahany has been tracking criminal cases in which lawyers have introduced neuroscientific evidence since 2004. By combing legitimate opinions, shes found about 2,000 examples, with 600 of those cases in 2011 alone. (Davis, 2012). While attorneys have tried to win cases based on the lack of control over impulses based on the defendant having a TBI, The biggest way in which neuroscience is being used in the courtroom is to mitigate punishment in one way or another, Farahany says, adding that its nearly exclusively used in death penalty cases. They say they have a history of brain injury and trauma to say I have a different brain than the average person. Because of that difference, I have less control over myself. (Koebler, 2012).While medical scan, such as CAT scans and MRIs can show a difference in the appearance of the brain itself, there is scant evidence that these shamed brains are actually the cause of crimes committed by defendants suffering from a personality change brought on by a Traumatic Brain Injury. The science behind these brain scans is still in its infancy, but neuroscientists period of time to anecdotal evidence that traumatic brain injury or brain abnormalities can cause criminal behavior. (Koebler, 2 012). There is a case that many juristic professionals point to when arguing the point for special consideration when trying or sentencing a defendant with a TBI. In 2002, a 40-year-old Virginia teacher was caught consider child pornography and making advances on his stepdaughter. He was convicted of child molestation, but the night before he went to jail, he went to the doctor with a crippling headache and confessed he might commit rape.Doctors found something they didnt transport A brain tumor. The cancerous tumor was putting pressure on his orbifrontal cortex, which controls impulse and judgment. The tumor was removed, and the man no longer exhibited pedophilic tendencies. (Koebler, 2012). The fact that is some persuasive with this case is the fact that once the tumor, and the pressure it was exerting on the orbifrontal cortex, were removed the patient no longer exhibited any pedophilic tendencies. Could this be the answer to whether or not TBIs do so adversely affect indivi duals that the personality changes they exhibit should not be held against them in the legal forum?Not necessarily. Daniel Martell, a forensic neuropsychologist who examined Weinstein and testified for the prosecution, says the brain images were nothing more than fancy pictures meant to stir a jury. It was the Christmas tree diagram effect, Martell says. Lots of people ooh and aah at the pictures. It doesnt tell you anything about a persons behavior. (Davis, 2012). Martell makes the point that many attorneys crawfish out when faced with opposing counsel who is presenting the TBI defense, stating that the profound changes in persons with TBIs should be a mitigating factor in trials and during sentencing. That hasnt stopped defense attorneys from trying to introduce evidence of damaged brains into the courtroom, including brain scans. unmatched such case, frequently cited in law and neuroscience journals, is that of New York advertising executive Herbert Weinstein, 65, who was arr ested on charges that he suppressed his second wife, Barbara, and threw her out the window of their 12th-floor Manhattan apartment in 1991 during an argument about their children. Weinstein never denied killing his wife.His lawyer, Diarmuid washcloth, argued that Weinstein was not himself due to an arachnoid cyst on his brain. White contended that the cyst caused pressure on part of Weinsteins temporal lobe, compromising his self-control and emotional regulation. Zachary Weiss, the New York City district attorney who prosecuted the case, thought it was simply a matter of a man getting angry at his wife and killing her. That was until White sent him the brain scan during discovery. I got this picture in the mail and thought youve got to be joking, Weiss recalls. It got complicated. I called this the rich mans defense. Whether Weinsteins brain made him do it or not, Weiss believes the case was important.It receptive up a debate academically about responsibility and free will, and h ow we evaluate scientific evidence, says Weiss, cardinal years after the case Martell still believes brain scans dont explain specific behaviors. The problem is that the science has not come along to support what the scan means, says Martell, now a Newport Beach, Calif. based consultant for criminal as well as civil cases. Since the 90s, weve been much better at generating the cool pictures than we are at explaining what they mean. (Davis, 2012). The opinion that Martell expresses about TBIs is not rare many in the legal profession see the whole TBI debate as another smoke and mirror defense on par with the noted Twinkie defense interesting and impressive in the courtroom, but lacking in any real legal merit. There is a group of individuals whose TBIs are taken into special onsideration combat veterans. Among the growing number of cases involving neuroscientific evidence are those that involve combat veterans from Afghanistan and Iraq as defendants. (Davis, 2012).Dr. Chrisanne Gordon, a Columbus, Ohio, rehabilitation medicine specialist who works with brain-injured vets, is one of three authors who wrote a chapter about traumatic brain injury. Theyre not insane, theyre not retarded, but they frequently have issues with impulse control and fall through the cracks of the legal system, she says. (Davis, 2012). Combat veterans pose a desperate problem for the court systems judging them as defendants because their injuries are usually combat related most people view them with a particular amount of sympathy because they received their injury in a heroic manner serving the country. Agreeing that veterans legal situations are difficult to handle, at best, it has been suggested that courts essential to view veterans with an air of compassion.There are courts who are taking definitive step when dealing with combat veterans with TBIs who have ended up as defendants. One of veterans biggest consort in Ohio is state Supreme Court Justice Evelyn Stratton, who plans to work full time with veterans justice issues after she retires later this year. She supports the development of more veterans treatment courts and hopes to change sentencing guidelines to ensure judges in all courts aim at a defendants military service record. We want them to look at war experience as mitigation, she says. And we want them at least to look at the causes of what happened. (Davis, 2012). Traumatic Brain Injuries are not simple to define and apply to a law principle they allow that a defendant can be found not guilty of a crime because of their mental health issues, saying, in essence, that the defendant is not responsible for their crime because they had no real understanding of their actions or the consequences thereof.It will take many more years of research, to produce empirical evidence to supplement the anecdotal evidence that does exist, to mend if the dramatic personality changes that patients with Traumatic Brain Injuries exhibit, has the brain been so p hysically damaged that the victims of TBIs are no longer able to control themselves, or is the Traumatic Brain Injury defense simply a criminal defense flavor of the week.

A contrast between opposing values in Hard Times Essay Example for Free

A contrast between opposing value in Hard measure EssayThe first incident that involves the fair and circus sight that I would give care to talk close, and that clearly demonstrates the contrast between opposing values is on page 34 onwards. Mr Gradgrind, the absolute pinnacle of situation in the criminal record, goes to visit the Circus people to tell them that the imaginative Sissy Jupe can no long attend the school. I project chosen this incident as it involves more of the circus characters than really at any other time, secondly the description of the circus shows just how far from the world and values of incident it is. The circus is the best symbol for representing the alternative to all that is fact in the book the circus is seen as a world of mystery and wonder almost of magic and idea that tell apartly goes against the idea of facts. Gradgrind and Bounderby go to see Sissys father only to find out he has abandoned his daughter, it is then that Mr Gradgrind d ecides on the porta of taking Sissy to his own home, and educating her in the centerings of fact from there. Mr Bounderby and Mr Gradgrind get together during this time and read a conference of opinions based upon the fact and laws they have always followed, Gradgrind being softer at heart besides still the fact machine at this point wants to take Sissy home, but Gradgrind can be heard to be saying No. I say no. I advise you not.I say by no means. He does this as he is the metaphor for fact throughout the book and to take someone elses child on as your own and teach them the ways of fact, when she has been living the livelihood of fancy for many years seems absurd to Bounderby. However, at the same time that Gradgrind is having a debate about the matter with Bounderby, the various members of Slearys company gradually gathered together from the upper regions The circus people atomic number 18 described in this chapter as being remarkable gentleness and childishness about these people, a particular(prenominal) inaptitude for any kind of sharp practice, and an untiring readiness to help and pity one another, deserving oftentimes as much respect, and always as much generous construction, as the every-day virtues of any class of people in the world.Unlike the likes of Bounderby and Gradgrind, who cannot be described as emotional or passionate or anything of the enlighten just plain hard facts Sleary in this chapter is the real philosopher on the ideas of fancy he even says it I lay down the philothophy of the thubject when thay to you, Thquire, make the betht of uth not the wurtht This chapter clearly show the contrast between opposing views and values in Hard Times, the circus shows a whole new world but is representative of a whole new set of values the ideas of fancy atomic number 18 represented in the themes and scenes with the circus.The thing is with the circus is that it has almost dreamlike status things happen there that cannot happen anywhere el se and it appears to be an almost illusion, for event The father of one of the families was in the habit of balancing the father of another of the families on top of a great pole. These are the things that you would only expect to see in dreams and so therefore it is fanciful, a complete contrast to the ideas of fact displayed throughout the rest of Hard Times.A proficient example of how far irrelevant to the ideas of fact the circus is takes place on page 12 and 13 when, Mr Gradgrind the keeper of facts and bringer of knowledge to doubting doubting Thomas and Louisa Gradgrinds lives, catches them sat watching the circus people, he takes the view that the circus was bad news, as it opposes everything he stands for in a flash to think of these vagabonds attracting the young rabble from a model school.He sees the idea of the circus so fanciful and alien to him, he feels that to watch a circus act would be to debase himself or a well-educated child. It even says his own mathematica l Thomas abasing himself on the ground to catch but a hoof of the graceful equestrian Tyrolean flower act This sentence shows what the opposing values are fully in Hard Times, it is obvious from the statement that anything mathematical or just plain concrete is in direct opposition to the fanciful nature of flower shows and the like.Thomas when caught does not even declare but knows that to obey his fathers principles he must give himself up to be taken home like a machine. That is clearly the way of fact to be machine like, and that is why the circus is such a good opposition and symbol of everything fact isnt, Gradgrind condemns circus like ideals when he says In the name of wonder, idleness and indulgence apparently to dream or to be imaginative is lazy in Gradgrinds books. Which is why the factual way in which Gradgrind has based his life upon is so offended by the ideas of fancy as he doesnt like the thought of being considered as being not lazy but that there can be other w ays to work hard in life.Gradgrind is so full of the idea that facts are cover, that he even questions and believes that with all these thoughts at the disposal they could make the wrong decision, when surely it isnt a case of right and wrong? Just opposing views and they do oppose each other Gradgrind does say though Thomas though I have the facts before me I find it difficult to believe that you with your education and resources should have brought your sister to a scene like this. This makes it seem as though education is supposed to belt down the imagination, which clearly conflicts with the views of the circus, which believe that you should work hard and perform in life, but never let the dreams die.